Many countries around the world are currently facing a transport infrastructure backlog of substantial proportions – it is rare to find a city, for example, that does not find itself in this situation, for roads, public transport or both. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are a common response for roads, with tolling opportunities to remove or reduce the impact on a government’s balance sheet. However, PPP opportunities usually entail some loss of network control and are limited in potential scope.

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